Day 9- Through Jezzreel to Jesrusalem

Arbel Cliffs - 400 meters above the Sea of Galilee

We left the Galilee early and headed up to the Arbel cliffs before making out way to the Jezzreel Valley on our way to Jerusalem.


The Arbel cliffs are a natural fortress with caves in the front face that Jewish rebels used in a final stand-off against Herod's army. The tales of this final standoff are brutal - with the Roman's burning the rebels live in the caves - whole families committing suicide rather than surrender - soldiers being let down by rope over the entrance of caves and spear-hooking inhabitants before dragging them out to fall on the rocks below.

It's hard to process/internalize the relentless brutality this land has and continues to witness. I can't begin to find language for the solemn heaviness/sadness that over-comes over you at places like these. At any given moment - just how far are we, in safe Manitoba, away from unimaginable inhumanity?

Looking back over Galilee from on top of Arbel

Lonely tree on top of Arbel

On top of Arbel - if you turn around 180 degrees you see the Arbel valley swelling up to the Horns of Hittin - famous mountain where Muslim invaders under Salah ah-Din defeated the Crusaders (1187 CE) in a battle that forever changed warfare from static brute clash to light-footed strategic maneuvering. You can read about the battle here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin

Thorns in the fore - Horns (of Hittin) in the aft.

From here we drove to Nazareth which is a predominantly Arab Israeli town. I don't know what I was expecting, but it's a modern city along a long string of smallish Arab towns.

We stopped briefly at the Church of the Annunciation and well where tradition remembers the Angel Gabriel visiting Mary and inviting her to receive the very life of God into her womb. The church is built over a well where the visitation was supposed to have happened.

Inside the church leading to the well

The well

Icon of the Annunciation

We also stopped at Nazareth Village - a model village depicting life at the time of Christ. I'm not usually into these kinds of places but it was very well done and quite interesting.

Olive Press

Rick using the first Black and Decker drill.

That's gotta hurt!

Leaving Nazareth we made our way through the Jezzreel Valley to Tel Megiddo. The Jezzreel was such a verdant relief from the relentless desert we spent the last week in; rich farmland that often resembled scenes from back home.

This is also the valley known as the valley of Armageddon - a vital strategic plain that is the site of many great battles from biblical times right up to the first Wold War. The word Armageddon itself is a corruption of the Hebrew Har Megiddo - and Megiddo is the fortress that stands astride the great trunk road linking Egypt to Syria and Mesopotamia.

Entrance to Tel Megiddo

Megiddo sits on a hill guarding the valley and is site to fortifications from 20 distinct historical periods from 4000 B.C.E to 400 B.C.E. Currently exposed is the great chariot city of King Solomon (10th century B.C.E.) and the 9th century water system which is a stunning piece of engineering consisting of a large shaft sunk through the rock to a depth of 120 feet, where it meets a tunnel cut through for a distance of 215 feet to a spring outside the city/fortress. This ensured hidden access to water supply during times of siege.

Water toughs for livestock

Sunken grain storageTunnel to water supply outside fortress

View of valley of Armageggon from on top of Tel Megiddo

From Megiddo we traveled to Mt. Carmel, which amazingly, I don't seem to have any pictures of. But on route we passed this picturesque tomb by the side of the road. It was unearthed recently by road builders and is apparently the best preserved example of a family tomb common at the time of Christ.

Three of the five chambers inside the tomb.

My favorite meal of the whole trip was in a Druze village near Mt. Carmel. I've never been one

for Falafel but this was amazing food - humus, olives, baba ganoush, couscous salad, fresh pita etc. Later came lamb shish kabob. Fantastic!!

Shops outside restaruant.

Before heading finally toward Jerusalem we made one last stop at Caesarea - a port city built by Herod the Great and named after his patron Octavian Augustus Caesar. The city has a long history but most importantly served as the base for the Roman legions sent to quell the Jewish revolt.

Entrance to the City

The Mediterranean at Caesarea

Finally we turned south down the Mediteranean coastline - past Tel Aviv before going "up" to Jerusalem.

The familiar phrase "going up" to Jerusalem simply refers to the topical lie of the land. From the plains by the sea - the land of Israel quicky rises into the north-south mountain range that devides the land between the fertile coastland and the more barren desert lands of Judea, Samaria, Sodom etc before the land rises once again to Jordan. Jerusalem occupies a high spot so that almost no matter where you are in the land - Jerusalem is up.


Just outside the city we were passed by a flashing motorcade of about eight identical vehicles - one of which bore Israeli Prime Minister Natanyahu having just returned from his visit with Barack Obama.

We arrived late at our hotel after a long tiring travel day. Tomorrow - Jerusalem.

Day 8 / The Galilee and Golan Heights

Tiberius

When one thinks of a sea, it is usually of a fairly large body of water. As with all things in this land you must think so much smaller than we do from our expansive plains at home. The Sea of Galilee is more like a lake, and when you stand on the north shores and look south - you can take in the whole area at once: Tiberius, Magdela, Capernum, the Mount of Beatitudes, etc. It's very serene. I do love it here. I couldn't get an overview picture that works because the heat makes the air hazy and the distance photos just wash out.

Capernum

This is the hometown of Peter. They've identified his house but unfortunately (in my opinion) they built a glass bottomed church right over top of it. It kind-of looks like a space ship has descended on top. Sigh... although it is lovely on the inside.

Inside the Church

What looks like a pool here is a glass floor that looks down on Peter's home. What is clear by the remains are several concentric additions to the house which give evidence that this became a church that kept expanding in size.


Capernum was a small village - likely only 12-15 families in total as were all the villages of the region. So when the NT records thousands of people gathering to hear Jesus speak, these would be significant gatherings - significant enough to get the attention of leaders jealous of anything that would undermine their authority, and nervous of anything that might look like opposition to Roman rule. The pictures below are the remains of a later period Synagogue built on top of the one Jesus would have known.

One of the earliest known pictoral representations of the Arc of the Covenant

From here we traveled up road a few minutes to the Mount of Beatitudes. This is the most developed of all the sites in terms of it's idyllic beauty. The gardens are lush and the veiw stunning. Again, too hazy to get a good picture of the sea.

It's important to remember, with many of these sites, the locations are traditionally remembered. There is no archeological evidence for the Mount of Beatitudes but from the story in the Bible, the lie of the land, proximity to Capernum etc, it is reasonable to assume this could be the spot.

My favorite spot in the whole region is this spot (below). It is a small beach from which you can clearly see Tiberius spill down the mountain to the sea. Just behind is the location where the feeding of the 5000 is remembered. And on this quiet beach it is said Jesus restored Peter to his status as dear friend of Christ.

At a critical moment in the drama of Jesus' capture and torment by the occupying Roman army, Peter lost courage and denied his association with Christ - three times. After the crucifixion, I imagine Peter's grief and shame to be insoluble. And coming back to Galilee to fish, after all the drama of hopes built and dashed, Jesus appears here and quietly asks Peter (three times) "do you love me?" It strikes me as such a profoundly kind thing to do. Of course Jesus knows... but he lets Peter say it anyway. Peter gets to hear himself say it. And I can imagine a lot of tears, some deeply tender and knowing looks, and an emotionally charged, trembling, long hug.


From Galilee we traveled north east to the Golan Heights. This area once belonged to Syria and was a strategic military post for the Sryian army from where they relentlessly shelled Jewish Kibbuts in the valley below for 19 years before the hills were stormed and taken by the Israeli defense forces in 1967.

The valley itelf was once a swampland until the late 1891 when the first Jewish pioneers began to settle here at Rosh Pina (meaning Cornerstone) draining the valley and and reclaiming it for rich, arable farmland.


At first there was little tension between the Jews and the local Arabs. But after Israeli Statehood in 1947, meaning (among other things) the displacement of 300,000 Palestinian Arabs to the West Bank, Gaza and the refugee camps of Syria, Jordan and Lebanon, the relationship turned toxic and has remained so to this day with both sides having legitimate claims to victim status, and both sides committing well documented and grim crimes against the other.

Israeli trench leading to a bunker overlooking both Lebanon and Syria (respectively below)

Syrian military outpost overlooking Israeli Settlements. This was the scene of a dramatic battle in 1967 when the Israelies took the Golan Heights.

Underground Syrian bunker.
Not sure what these are. Air vents to the bunkers below I assume.

Syrian trenches
Israeli (I think)

Mount Hermon

We visited the Tel Dan nature reserve at the base of Mount Hermon where it is as lush and green as any mountain base in the Rockies. Rain falls on the mountain, soaks through the soils and fissures until it hits a bedrock that forces the waters to peculate out of hundreds of tiny springs here at the base.
The many springs create small streams that find each other as they wind down to the valley eventually forming the Dan river which is one of the 3 sources of the Jordan River.

You can see why this would be a pretty important area to control if you were a country that is mostly desert. As much as the perennial conflicts of this region are reported as having religious/ethnic roots (and that is certainly partially true), access to water has always been common to most conflicts. Read through the old testament and notice how often water conflicts come up. Coming from a country where water is clean and plentiful, it's hard to appreciate how powerfully water shortage can stress relationships between communities. Many are saying this will not be an abstract reality for us in the west much longer.

At the base of Mt Hermon is the ancient ruins of the city of Dan, one of the lost tribes of Israel.

And the King arose and sat in the gate... and all the people came before the King.
(11 Samuel 19:8)

Following the division of the kingdom of Solomon in 930BCE, Jeroboam established a cult at Dan as an alternative to the one at the Temple in Jerusalem. “And the King made two calves of gold… and he set one in Beth-el and the other he put in Dan.” (1 Kings 12:28-29)

Above is Jeroboam's temple at Dan. The structure to the left is the altar where he offered sacrifices to the Golden Calf. The raised platform to the right would have been an observation platform for the city's elite, a sort-of Molson's box :)

The northern kingdom's revival of the Golden Calf cult marked the beginning of the end for them. Shortly afterward they were invaded by the Assyrians (I think it was the Assyrians anyway - I'll check). The ten tribes of the northern Kingdom were absorbed into the Assyrian empire assimilated by the culture and forever lost as a distinct people.

Rikk explained to me the significance of the northern Kingdom's sin. The social experiment begun by Moses in the Sinai was inspired by a radically different notion of God and creation than what came out of Pharoah's Egypt. Pharonic power was one of brute force, legitimized by capricious self-serving Gods. Moses intuited a different God and therefore a different model of leadership/authority - characterized by goodness, constancy and servanthood.

Egyptian worship consisted of static man-made temples in which an image of the god, fashioned by human hands, was placed. The idol was the physical representative of the god - and what you did to the idol, you did to the God.

The Hebrew understanding is astonishing in contrast. They understood all of creation to be a temple created by Yahweh. And the "image of the god" is the human person - fashioned by God - in the image of God. Along with the understanding that "what you do to the image, you do to the God," is the foundation for the radical understanding of the fundamental dignity of all persons, and I might add, a proper theology behind creation care. Therefore, the Hebrew temple never had a man-made idol. The northern Kingdom's retrogressive practices under Jeroboam where a profound rejection of the "new thing" Yahweh was doing. And, in the end they got what they wanted - inhuman empire.

I'm sure Rikk is going to die when he reads my distillation of a much longer conversation - honestly, the best part of this trip has been listening to Rikk describe and connect the dots in a way I've never been able to do before.

Anyway, I ramble. We drove back through the Golan Heights and boarded a boat on the Galilee to make our last few miles back to the hotel on the lake. Awesome!

Boating on the Sea of Galilee